3D-printing-assisted surgery versus conventional surgery for treatment of Schatzker VI tibial plateau fractures: a multi-center clinical study / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To compare 3D-printing-assisted surgery and conventional surgery in the treatment of Schazker type Ⅵ tibial plateau fractures.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 50 patients with type Ⅵ tibial plateau fracture who had been treated from January 2019 to December 2021 at the 5 Departments of Orthopedics in The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, The First People's Hospital of Jiujiang, Pingkuang General Hospital, Ganzhou People's Hospital, and Nanchang Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to their different treatment methods. In the 3D printing group of 25 cases treated by 3D-printing-assisted surgery, there were 14 males and 11 females, with an age of (42.5±9.1) years; in the conventional group of 25 cases treated by conventional surgery, there were 13 males and 12 females with an age of (42.2±9.3) years. The 2 groups were compared in terms of operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency, fracture healing time, postoperative complications, the Rasmussen radiological scores and the American Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee function scores at 6 and 12 months after operation.Results:There was no significant difference in the preoperative general data between the 2 groups, indicating comparability ( P>0.05). The operation time [(125.4±10.6) min], intraoperative blood loss [(206.2±16.3) mL], intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency [(9.2±2.7) times] and fracture healing time [(3.0±0.7) months] in the 3D printing group were all significantly less than those in the conventional group [(168.2±14.1) min, (303.2±20.4) mL, (15.5±3.5) times and (4.1±0.8) months] while the Rasmussen radiological scores (17.6±1.2 and 17.9±0.6) and HSS knee scores (90.8±6.4 and 91.5±5.6) at 6 and 12 months after operation in the 3D printing group were all significantly higher than those in the conventional group (16.2±2.6 and 16.7±2.2; 84.5±9.2 and 87.6±8.0) (all P<0.05). In the 3D printing group, there were 1 case of wound infection and 1 case of wound dehiscence after operation. In the conventional group, there were 2 cases of wound skin necrosis, 3 cases of wound dehiscence, 1 case of traumatic arthritis, 2 cases of wound infection, and 1 case of screw loosening. The incidence of complications in the 3D printing group (8.0%, 2/28) was significantly lower than that in the conventional group (36.0%, 9/25) ( P<0.05). Conclusion:In the treatment of Schatzker type VI tibial plateau fractures, compared with conventional surgery, 3D-printing-assisted surgery can lead to better curative outcomes, because it is conducive to lowering surgical difficulty, reducing postoperative complications, and promoting fracture union and functional recovery of the knee.

Effects of attentional bias training on attention bias, psychological craving and relapse rate in male patients with alcohol dependence / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of attentional bias training on the attentional bias, psychological craving and relapse rate of alcohol dependent patients during rehabilitation.Methods:A randomized controlled trial was used to select 90 alcohol-dependent patients and randomly divide them into an intervention group and a control group. The alcohol cue pictures and neutral pictures were imported into E-Prime software at a ratio of 1∶1.The patients in the two groups were trained for eight times with attentional bias and without attentional bias by point delection paradigm. After each training, the software automatically records the response time and correct rate of the cue pictures and neutral pictures, and before intervention(T0), after 4 interventions(T4), and after 8 interventions(T8), the alcohol craving score was assessed by visual analogue scale and the relapse situation was followed up 1 month after the intervention. SPSS 24.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Repeat measure ANOVA, χ2 test and t-test were used to compare the response time, accuracy and psychological craving of the two groups. Results:Repeated measurement analysis of variance showed that there were interaction between group and time in cue-map response time, line chart accuracy and psychological craving score of the two groups ( F=5.218, 6.939, 147.14, all P<0.01). Simple effect analysis showed that there was no significant difference in cue pictures response time, cue pictures accuracy and psychological craving score between the intervention group and the control group at T0(all P>0.05), but there was significant difference at T4 and T8 (all P<0.05), and there was significant difference in neutral pictures reaction only at T8 ( P<0.05). The comparison between two groups showed that the intervention group showed a downward trend in cue pictures response, T4 and T8 were lower than T0, with statistical difference (both P<0.001), while there was no difference in the control group. In the intervention group, the correct rate of cue pictures increased, T4 and T8 were higher than T0, and there were statistical differences (both P<0.001), while there was no difference in the control group( P>0.05). The psychological craving scores of both the intervention group and the control group showed a downward trend, T4 and T8 were lower than T0, there were statistical differences (both P<0.001), but the difference between T4 and T8 in the control group remained unchanged. One month after the end of the intervention, the difference in the rate of relapse between the intervention group and the control group was marginal (11.10%, 26.70%, P=0.059). The total number of days of abstinence in the intervention group was longer than that in the control group ((28.33±4.99)d, (26.47±6.66)d, P=0.010). Conclusion:Attentional bias training can improve the mental craving and attentional bias of alcohol-dependent patients during the rehabilitation period, and the relapse rate decreased one month after the intervention.

Graph-based and constraint-based heterologous metabolic pathway design methods and application / 生物工程学报

It is among the goals in metabolic engineering to construct microbial cell factories producing high-yield and high value-added target products, and an important solution is to design efficient synthetic pathway for the target products. However, due to the difference in metabolic capacity among microbial chassises, the available substrate and the yielded products are limited. Therefore, it is urgent to design related metabolic pathways to improve the production capacity. Existing metabolic engineering approaches to designing heterologous pathways are mainly based on biological experience, which are inefficient. Moreover, the yielded results are in no way comprehensive. However, systems biology provides new methods for heterologous pathway design, particularly the graph-based and constraint-based methods. Based on the databases containing rich metabolism information, they search for and uncover possible metabolic pathways with designated strategy (graph-based method) or algorithm (constraint-based method) and then screen out the optimal pathway to guide the modification of strains. In this paper, we reviewed the databases and algorithms for pathway design, and the applications in metabolic engineering and discussed the strengths and weaknesses of existing algorithms in practical application, hoping to provide a reference for the selection of optimal methods for the design of product synthesis pathway.

Development of metabolic models with multiple constraints: a review / 生物工程学报

Constraint-based genome-scale metabolic network models (genome-scale metabolic models, GEMs) have been widely used to predict metabolic phenotypes. In addition to stoichiometric constraints, other constraints such as enzyme availability and thermodynamic feasibility may also limit the cellular phenotype solution space. Recently, extended GEM models considering either enzymatic or thermodynamic constraints have been developed to improve model prediction accuracy. This review summarizes the recent progresses on metabolic models with multiple constraints (MCGEMs). We presented the construction methods and various applications of MCGEMs including the simulation of gene knockout, prediction of biologically feasible pathways and identification of bottleneck steps. By integrating multiple constraints in a consistent modeling framework, MCGEMs can predict the metabolic bottlenecks and key controlling and modification targets for pathway optimization more precisely, and thus may provide more reliable design results to guide metabolic engineering of industrially important microorganisms.

Development of morphology engineering for production of bio-based chemicals / 生物工程学报

Synthetic biology and metabolic engineering have been widely used to construct microbial cell factories for efficient production of bio-based chemicals, which mainly focus on the modification and regulation of metabolic pathways. The characteristics of microorganisms themselves, e.g. morphology, have rarely been taken into consideration in the biotechnological production processes. Morphology engineering aims to control cell shapes and cell division patterns by manipulating the genes related to cell morphology, providing a new strategy for developing efficient microbial cell factories. This review summarized the proteins related to cell morphology, followed by illustrating a few examples of using morphology engineering strategies for improving production of bio-based chemicals. This includes increasing intracellular product accumulation by regulating cell size, enhancing extracellular secretion of target products by improving cell permeability, reducing production cost by achieving high cell density, and improving product performance by controlling the degree of product hydrolysis. Finally, challenges and perspectives for the development of morphology engineering were discussed.

Chromosomal microarray analysis vs. karyotyping for fetal ventriculomegaly: a meta-analysis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Chromosomal abnormalities are important causes of ventriculomegaly (VM). In mild and isolated cases of fetal VM, obstetricians rarely give clear indications for pregnancy termination. We aimed to calculate the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities and incremental yield of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) in VM, providing more information on genetic counseling and prognostic evaluation for fetuses with VM.@*METHODS@#The Chinese language databases Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and China Biomedical Literature Database (from January 1, 1991 to April 29, 2020) and English language databases PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library (from January 1, 1945 to April 29, 2020) were systematically searched for articles on fetal VM. Diagnostic criteria were based on ultrasonographic or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment of lateral ventricular atrium width: ≥10 to <15 mm for mild VM, and ≥15 mm for severe VM. Isolated VM was defined by the absence of structural abnormalities other than VM detected by ultrasonography or MRI. R software was used for the meta-analysis to determine the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities and incremental yield of CMA in VM, and the combined rate and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.@*RESULTS@#Twenty-three articles involving 1635 patients were included. The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in VM was 9% (95% CI: 5%-12%) and incremental yield of CMA in VM was 11% (95% CI: 7%-16%). The incidences of chromosomal abnormalities in mild, severe, isolated, and non-isolated VM were 9% (95% CI: 4%-16%), 5% (95% CI: 1%-11%), 3% (95% CI: 1%-6%), and 13% (95% CI: 4%-25%), respectively.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Applying CMA in VM improved the detection rate of abnormalities. When VM is confirmed by ultrasound or MRI, obstetricians should recommend fetal karyotype analysis to exclude chromosomal abnormalities. Moreover, CMA should be recommended preferentially in pregnant women with fetal VM who are undergoing invasive prenatal diagnosis. CMA cannot completely replace chromosome karyotype analysis.

Thirty years development of metabolic engineering: a review / 生物工程学报

Since its establishment 30 years ago, the discipline of metabolic engineering has developed rapidly based on its deep integration with molecular biology, systems biology and synthetic biology successively, which has greatly contributed to advancing and upgrading biotechnology industry. This review firstly analyzes the current status of academic research and China's competence in the area of metabolic engineering according to the data of papers published in SCI-indexed journals in the past 30 years. Subsequently, the article summarizes the development of systems biology methods and enabling technologies of synthetic biology and their applications in metabolic engineering in the past 10 years. Finally, the major challenges and future perspectives for the development of metabolic engineering are briefly discussed.

Influence of Shexiang Wulong pill on Expressions of serum IL-1, TGF-β1, MMP3, TIMP-1 in knee osteoarthritis / 中国综合临床

Objective:To observe the effects of Shexiang Wulong pill on serum interleukin-1 (IL-1), transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β1), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3), matrix tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1(TIMP-1) in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) expression.Methods:Using prospective cohort study method, the subjects were KOA patients from Department of Rheumatology and Immunology clinic of North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital from March 2016 to June 2018.According to random number table The patients were divided into two groups: the treatment group (treated with shexiangwulong pill) with 46 cases and the control group (Kanggu Zengsheng tablet) with 46 cases.The treatment group was treated with Shexiang Wulong pill, 30 capsules per time, twice a day; the control group was treated with Kanggu Zengsheng tablet, four tablets per time, twice a day.The treatment period was 8 weeks.The levels of IL-1, TGF-β1, MMP3 and TIMP-1 in the serum of the patients in the treatment group and the control group were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the differences of relevant indexes between the two groups were statistically analyzed.Results:Forty-six cases were completed in the treatment group and 44 cases were completed in the control group.After treatment with Shexiang Wulong pill and Kanggu Zengsheng tablet, the levels of IL-1 were (30.99±2.80) μg/L, (32.90±2.84) μg/L in the treatment group and the control group, resectively( t=3.21, P<0.001). There was no significant difference of TGF-β1 levels between the treatment group((214.87±17.30) μg/L) and the control group ((208.85±15.53) μg/L, ( t=1.73, P=0.08). The levels of TIMP-1 were (139.60±6.79) μg/L, (135.09±6.16) μg/L in the treatment group and the control group, resectively( t=3.29, P<0.001). The levels of MMP3 were (1.19±0.10) μg/L, (1.23±0.06) μg/L in the treatment group and the control group, resectively ( t=2.28, P=0.03). The rate of TIMP1/MMP3 were 111.04±8.81, 118.46±12.06 in the treatment group and the control group, resectively( t=3.34, P<0.001). Conclusion:Shexiang Wulong pill can decrease the levels of IL-1 and MMP-3, and increase the levels of TGF-β1, TIMP-1, and the rate of TIMP1/MMP3, so as to protect the articular cartilage and improve the knee joint function in patients with KOA.

Study of early feeding after general anesthesia in school-age children after orthopaedic surgery / 中华护理杂志

Objective To evaluate the safety and feasibility of early feeding in children after orthopaedic surgery.Methods Totally 638 children with general anesthesia after orthopaedic surgery in a tertiary hospital in Beijing were recruited and divided into two groups.Children in the experimental group (n=315) started water drinking and feeding if they passed the postoperative assessment on consciousness and digestive function,while children in the control group (n=323) adhered to the conventional protocol of 6h fasting postoperatively.Results The average initial time of water drinking,liquid food feeding and general diet in the experimental group were 0.63 h,1.03 h and 3.07 h,while they were 6.42 h,6.88 h and 8.79 h in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.001).There were no significant differences in the incidence,severity and frequency of postoperative nausea and vomiting between two groups in 6h and 24h after returning to wards(P＞0.05).At 6h after returning to wards,the incidences of moderate-to-severe thirst and hunger in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.001),and pain scored over 3 marks was lower than the control group(P=0.002).Conclusion Children after orthopaedic surgery with general anesthesia are likely to drink water 1 h after returning to wards and then take general diet 2h later while comprehensive prevention measures being adopted.Early teeding would not aggravate postoperative nausea and voniting and can alleviate the extent of postoperative thirst,hunger and pain.

Effect of DNA immune absorption on lupus pneumonia / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the clinical application and efficacy of DNA immune absorption in patients with lupus interstitial pneumonia.Methods to collect randomized 18 patients with lupus patients with pneumonia were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into immunoadsorption group and traditional CTX treatment group,in order to observe the ESR,CRP,ANA quantitative monitoring at different time,pulmonary function test (diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide,DLCO),6 min walking distance,procalcitonin (PCT).The difference between groups was statistically analyzed and the effect of DNA immunization was discussed.Results There were significant differences between immunoadsorption group and control group in ESR at the different time points before and after the treatment (Fgroup =7.841,P＜0.05;Fcross =6.512,P ＜0.05;Finteraction =10.421,P＜0.05),CRP(Fgroup =6.995,P＜0.05;Fcross=5.847,P＜0.05;Finteraction =8.847,P＜ 0.05) and ANA quantitative monitoring (FgrouP =12.336,P ＜ 0.05;Fcross =11.214,P ＜ 0.05;Finteraction =15.847,P＜0.05).At 1 and 2 weeks after treatment,CRP and ESR of the immunoadsorption group began to decrease,and the difference was statistically significant compared with those before treatment (P ＜0.05),while the difference between the control group and the treatment group was statistically significant after 4 weeks (P＜0.05).After 2 weeks of treatment,there was a significant difference in ANA quantitative monitoring between the immunoadsorption group,compared with that before treatment.There was a significant difference between the control group before treatment and the 6 months after treatment (P＜0.05).There was a significant difference between the immunoadsorption group and the control group in pulmonary function test (FgrouP =6.222,P＜ 0.05:Fcross =7.154,P＜ 0.05:Finteraction =8.527,P ＜ 0.05),6 min walking distance (FgrouP =8.669,P＜ 0.05;Fcross =7.154,P ＜ 0.05;Finteraction =11.547,P＜ 0.05) and PCT (FgrouP =5.621,P ＜0.05;Fcross =4.125,P ＜ 0.05;Finteraction =7.554,P ＜ 0.05.The pulmonary function and 6 min walking distance of 2-week treatment in the immunoadsorption group.There showed a significant difference compared with that before treatment.The difference between the control group after 4 weeks of treatment and that before treatment was statistically significant (P=＜0.05).There was a significant difference between the 2 weeks PCT treatment in the immunoadsorption group and that before treatment (P＜0.05).There was a significant difference between the control group after 3 months of treatment and before treatment (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The treatment of lupus interstitial pneumonia in traditional regimens is ineffective,and the efficacy of DNA is better than that of conventional regimens,and reduces the risk of infection.

Effect of early enteral nutrition on serum endotoxin and intestinal permeability in patients with severe acute pancreatitis / 中国基层医药

Objective To study the effect of early enteral nutrition ( EN ) on the serum endotoxin and intestinal permeability in patients with severe acute pancreatitis ( SAP ) .Methods Seventy patients with SAP were selected as study objects ,and they were divided into parenteral nutrition ( PN) group and EN group according to the random number table method ,with 35 cases in each group.The PN group was given PN intervention ,while the EN group was given EN intervention .The levels of serum endotoxin and the ratio of the excretion rates of urinary lactulose and mannitol excretion before and after 1 week and 2 weeks of intervention , and the levels of inflammatory factors before and after treatment were measured .Results Before intervention ,the levels of serum endotoxin and the ratio of the excretion rates of urinary lactulose and mannitol excretion had no statistically significant differences between the two groups (t=0.274,P=0.452;t=0.035,P=0.885).After 1 week and 2 weeks of intervention,the levels of serum endotoxin and the ratio of the excretion rates of urinary lactulose and mannitol excretion in the EN group were significantly lower than those in the PN group (t=9.024,10.761,P=0.000,0.000;t=6.935,8.358,P=0.000, 0.000).After treatment,the levels of TNF -α,IL-1β,IL-6 and IL-8 in the EN group were significantly lower than those in the PN group (t=12.674,10.318,9.754,8.307,P=0.000,0.000,0.000,0.002).Conclusion EN has significant influence on the serum endotoxin and intestinal permeability in patients with SAP ,and compared with PN,EN can promote the clearance of serum endotoxin ,reduce the permeability of intestinal mucosa ,and it is worth promoting.

The prevalence characteristic of Kashin-Beck disease in nuclear families / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To analyze the occurrence characteristic of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in nuclear families,and to provide a scientific basis for KBD prevention.Methods KBD patients in 15 villages of Linyou County,Shaanxi Province were investigated using clinical and questionnaire survey.According to the prevalence of KBD,the nuclear families were divided into 4 different types:parents did not suffer from KBD (A,n =3 657),mother suffered from KBD and father did not (B,n =674),father suffered from KBD and mother did not (C,n =907),and both patients suffered from KBD (D,n =748).The relationship between prevalence of nuclear families and prevalence of population was analyzed using correlation analysis,and the changes of prevalence in different age groups of family members were analyzed.Results ①The prevalence of nuclear families (38.91％,2 329/5 986) and the prevalence of popttlation (14.42％,3 700/25 656) were significantly correlated (r =0.77,P ＜ 0.05);②The proportions of parental generation men and women with KBD were 9.91％ (118/1 191) vs 11.30％ (105/929) in 0-10 years old group,62.80％ (748/1 191) vs 58.45％ (543/929) in 11-20 years old group,15.70％ (187/1 191) vs 18.51％ (172/929) in 21-30 years old group,7.30％ (87/1 191) vs 7.64％ (71/929) in 31-40 years old group,2.77％ (33/1 191) vs 2.37％ (22/929) in 41-50 years old group,1.34％ (16/1 191) vs 1.51％ (14/929) in 51-60 years old group,and 0.17％ (2/1 191) vs 0.22％ (2/929) in 61-70 years old group,respectively.③Among the three nuclear families (B,C,D),the age of offspring with KBD was less than 13 years old when the age of their parents with KBD was less than 13 years old(83.33％,20/24);The age of the offspring with KBD was mainly distributed between the ages of 13 and 25 years old when the age of their parents with KBD was 13-25 years old (69.86％,51/73);When the age of parents with KBD was order than 25 years old,the age of their offspring with KBD was mainly less than 25 years old (84.85％,56/66);④Among the four nuclear families,the prevalence rates of male and female in the first filial generation were 1.41％ (52/3 683) vs 0.47％ (12/2 538) in A family (x2 =0.47,P ＞ 0.05),5.73％ (31/541) vs 0.53％ (2/378) in B family (x2 =4.32,P ＜ 0.05),6.48％ (44/679) vs 0.95％ (5/528) in C family (x2 =4.10,P ＜ 0.05),and 9.46％ (66/698) vs 3.31％ (15/453) in D family (x2 =2.96,P＞ 0.05),respectively.Conclusions ①The prevalence of the nuclear family with KBD is related to the population prevalence;②the prevalence of male and female with KBD is related to age,and KBD mainly occurs between the age of 11 and 20;③the age of offspring with KBD is partly influenced by the age of their parents;④the prevalence rate of male in the first filial generation is higher than that of female in the first filial generation.

The status and influencing factors of pleasant events among community-dwelling dementia patients / 中华护理杂志

Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of pleasant events among community-dwelling dementia patients. Methods Totally 266 community-dwelling dementia patients were recruited from Bei-jing,Guangzhou and Tianjin,and were investigated with the Chinese-version Pleasant Events Schedule-AD(PES-AD). Results The overall score of PES-AD was (14.0±6.7). The factor scores from high to low were sensory stimulation activities(0.9±0.5),family activities(0.8±0.5),emotional stimulation activities(0.8±0.4) and autonomy activities(0.6± 0.5). Multiple linear regression showed that the severity of disease,without chronic disease,educational level of de-mentia patients and their caregivers were significant influencing factors of pleasant events,which explained 41.1% of the total variance. Conclusion Sensory stimulation activities of community-dwelling dementia patients were relatively satisfactory,followed by family activities and emotional stimulation activities,but autonomy activities were relatively unsatisfactory. It is suggested to choose appropriate pleasant activities according to the severity of disease for de-mentia patients to improve their quality of life.

Effects of overexpression of carboxylation pathway genes and inactivation of malic enzymes on malic acid production in Escherichia coli / 生物工程学报

Malic acid is a dicarboxylic acid that is widely used in food, pharmaceutical and chemical industries. We studied the effects of overexpression of carboxylation pathway genes and inactivation of malic enzymes on the aerobic production of malic acid. Over expression of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase (ppc) generated strain E21, which increased malic acid production from 0.57 g/L to 3.83 g/L. Then pyc gene from Coryenbacterium glutamicus and pck gene from Actinobacillus succinogenes were overexpressed in E21 separately. The resulting strains E21 (pTrcpyc) and E21 (pTrc-A-pck) produced 6.04 and 5.01 g/L malate with a yield of 0.79 and 0.65 mol/mol glucose, respectively. Deleting two malic enzymes (encoded by maeA and maeB) also led to an increase of 36% in malic acid production with a production of 5.21 g/L. However, the combination of malic enzymes deletion and pyc overexpression could not further increase the yield of malic acid. After optimization of fermentation conditions, strain E21 (pTrcpyc) produced 12.45 g/L malic acid with a yield of 0.84 mol/mol which is 63.2% of the theoretical yield.

Effect of Chinese herb acupoint application on constipation in advanced cancer patients / 现代临床护理

Objective To explore the effect of acupoint application with Chinese herbs on constipation in advanced cancer patients. Methods Sixty-one advanced cancer patients with constipation were randomly divided into the experiment and the control groups with 31 in the experiment group and 30 in the control group. The control group was treated only by routine care , while the experiment group was cared by routine nursing points and acupoint application with Shenque and Zusanli , 6 h perday for 7 d. The two groups were compared in terms of the curative effect. Result The response rates in the experiment and control groups were 87.1%and 56.7%, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion Acupoint application with Chinese herbs to treat constipation in patients with advanced tumors has a better therapeutic effect.

Advances in psychopathic individuals' moral judgments and the underlying neural mechanisms / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To review psychopathic individuals' moral judgments and the underlying neural mechanisms in order to provide cognitive basis and the corresponding intervention for their socially deviant behavior.Methods Literatures were searched in Academic Search Premier,Science Direct,Highwire,PubMed and Wanfang database by July 2015.Index strategy:AB [psychopathy OR psychopathic] AND AB [moral judgments OR moral reasoning].Forty-seven articles including six in Chinese were chosen based on their abstracts and key words.Results 33 papers were adopted finally including 2 in Chinese.Most of the papers involved representative empirical studies within five years.Conclusion Compared with non-psychopathic individuals,psychopathic individuals are inclined to consider moral transgressions as more acceptable and are more inclined to make utilitarian moral judgments.Their impairment in moral judgments is associated with dysfunction in specific brain regions such as amygdale,dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,and ventromedial prefrontal cortex,and dysfunction in the basic brain system.Psychopathic individuals' moral judgment impairment needs to be examined within the frame of affect and their moral reasoning processes should be investigated in the future.

Progress in inverse metabolic engineering / 生物工程学报

In the last few years, high-throughput (or 'next-generation') sequencing technologies have delivered a step change in our ability to sequence genomes, whether human or bacterial. Further comparative genome analysis enables us to reveal detailed knowledge of genetics or physiology of industrial important strains obtained in laboratory, to analyze genotype-phenotype correlations of mutants with improved performance. Based on identified key mutations or mutation combinations, Inverse Metabolic Engineering (IME) can be performed by using accurate genetic modification system. Recently, IME has been successfully used for strain improvement and has become a research hotspot, including improving substrate utilization, engineering the robustness of industrial microbes and enhancing production of bio-based products. Here, we describe recent advances in research methods of IME, with an emphasis on characterization of genotype-phenotype and the latest advances and application of IME. Possible directions and challenges for further development of IME are also discussed.

Comparison of ROI-C and traditional cage with anterior plating for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study clinical outcomes following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) using ROI-C compared to traditional cage with anterior plating in treating the cervical spondylotic myelopathy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 66 patients with the cervical spondylotic myelopathy were treated with ACDF between April 2011 and October 2012. Twenty-three patients underwent ACDF using the ROI-C device were classified as the ROI-C group and 43 patients received traditional cage with anterior plating served as the titanium plate group. Related indicators, such as operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, incidence of postoperative dysphagia and ratio of bone graft fusion were recorded and compared between two groups. The clinical outcomes were evaluated by Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores and visual analog scale (VAS) scores. The pre- and postoperative results were compared with a paired sample t-test. The results between groups were compared utilizing the grouped t-test or χ² test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All cases were followed up. The follow-up period was 12 to 38 months and 14 to 39 months in ROI-C group and titanium plate group respectively. For the age, gender, the JOA scores, VAS scores of neck pain and arm pain during preoperative, the surgical level constituent ratio and the follow-up time, there were no significant differences between two groups. In ROI-C group, the operation time was (123 ± 38) minutes, intraoperative blood loss was (84 ± 37)ml, exposure times to the X-ray C-arm machine was (3.5 ± 0.7) times, which were all significantly lower than titanium plate group ((165 ± 60) minutes, (128 ± 66) ml, (5.9 ± 1.2) times respectively, t = -3.27, -3.25, - 9.45, P = 0.02, 0.02, 0.00). The mean JOA scores increased significantly from pre-surgery to 1 month postoperatively, 3 months postoperatively, and last follow-up in ROI-C group (t = 11.94, 11.32, 10.60, all P = 0.00) and titanium plate group(t = 15.07, 19.51, 17.55, all P = 0.00). The mean VAS scores of neck pain and arm pain decreased significantly from pre-surgery to 1 month postoperatively, 3 months postoperatively, and last follow-up in ROI-C group (t = -16.64-- 9.68, all P = 0.00) and titanium group(t = -16.56--12.38, all P = 0.00). There was no significant difference on JOA scores and VAS scores of neck pain and arm pain between the two groups at the same time (P > 0.05). However, significant difference was observed in incidence of postoperative dysphagia (χ² = 6.79, P = 0.01). In addition, bony fusion was obtained in all cases at the last follow-up postoperatively. There was no significant difference on ratio of bone graft fusion between two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The ROI-C leads to similar clinical outcomes compared to traditional cage combined with anterior plating for the treatment of the cervical spondylotic myelopathy, while the ROI-C carries a simpler operation, shorter operation time, less intraoperative blood loss, less exposure times to the X-ray and a lower risk of postoperative dysphagia.</p>

The role of inhibitory control in the use of theory of mind among elders / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the ability of theory of mind use in elders,and determine the role of inhibitory control in the use of theory of mind. Methods The participants included 30 young-old people ,30 oldold people and 30 young people. Their ability of theory of mind use and inhibitory control were examined with The Referential Communication Task and Hayling Sentence Completion Test,respectively. Results The correct rate of referential communication task was significantly lower in old-old people (0.43 ± 0.32) than those of young-old people (0.69 ±0.24, P=0. 001 ) and young people (0. 77 ±0. 25, P＜0. 001 ). Partial correlation analysis showed that the total errors in Hayling Test-B was negatively correlated with the correct rate of Referential Communication Task ( r= -0.442, P＜0.001 ). Hiberarchy regression analysis showed that the total errors in Hayling Test-B entered the equation ( β = -0.451, P＜0. 001 ) and could independently explained 16.8% of the variance (△R2 = 0. 168, △F = 19.359, P ＜ 0.001 ) after controlling for age. Conclusion Old-old people show worse performance in the use of theory of mind. The impairment of inhibitory control can partly explain the decline of theory of mind use in old-old people.

Design and Making of Network Cable Tester Port Expander / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop a port expander for simple network cable tester,which can raise the testing efficiency of the computer network twisted-pair.Methods Several RJ-45 sockets were used to connect the eight points separatedly according to the same arrangement order.One socket was connected to testing port by short twisted-pair,while other sockets were used as expander port.Results In practical test,the operation only needs one person,who could test the computer network twisteded-pair conveniently without going back and forth frequently between the two terminals of the tested line.Conclusion It is proved by testing that the port expander for the simple network cable tester can raise the testing efficiency of the computer network twist-pair.